Graphic Design and Color Theory

Color theory is a difficult concept for many people to grasp fully. Aside from the complex physics of color (which confuse the average mind by stating that which is seen as red is every color but red), perhaps the most intangible element of color is how it affects us on an emotional level. Color symbolism and color psychology are constructs of cultural set, the time and place, and the age of the person making the association, and as such it is difficult to distill any absolute rules about color. Having said that, here are some useful guidelines for dealing with color and web design.

Select a simple and complimentary palette of colors and stick to them. Color should be used judiciously to attract the eye and inspire action, and to support the content and theme of the site. More than four colors on a page and they become a distraction rather than an aid. Here are a few examples of poor color choices.

- White text on a black background

- Colored text on any dark background

- Bright colors overlapping or butting up to other bright colors

For logos and other iconic elements 2 colors are really all that are needed, especially for smaller icons.
Don’t place text over a background color that is similar in tone. If you have a page you expect people to print, don’t use any color at all. Black text on a white background is the easiest for most people to read should be the default selection for most sites. Have a reason to use color, rather than using it because you can.

Choosing a graphic design company can be a major hurdle to any business, but choosing the wrong design company can be more than a hurdle, it can spell doom for you and your company. So what are the main criteria you should look for when picking a graphic design company? There are probably enough guidelines and principles to fill a book, but the design articles in this section cover the primary ones you should consider.

Hiring a Graphic Designer

Perhaps due to the popularity and relative ease of use of programs such as Photoshop and Dreamweaver, there is a common misconception that web design and logo design are ‘easy.’ This results in the deadly “my nephew” syndrome, which translates as hiring a relative or friend with little or no experience to perform one of the most important and influential aspects of starting or restructuring your business. A sound analogy would be hiring a 7th grader with good drawing skills to draft the architectural plans for a multi-million dollar building. Don’t do it.

Thankfully there are many qualified and trained professionals in the field. If you want to work with someone locally, look in the yellow pages as well as on line. Companies that offer web design should have a web site with a portfolio of their previous work (if they don’t, go elsewhere). Take a close look at their portfolio before you begin a conversation with them. After all, you are hiring them as a designer, so their design style should have some appeal to you. Here is a list of the different types of professional designers you are likely to find.
Independent – This is a solo designer, working out of a small office or even their home. They might work with a programmer or two, or provide some packaged solutions for more customized programming.

Collective – Consists of several independent designers working together. They can often offer more experience and a wider range of services.

Boutique – A Boutique is an established company with offices, employees, and a well polished presentation and service department. They will have a complete slate of services, and usually have an area that they specialize in. Expect to pay a higher price for this level of service.

Agency or Firm – This is a s big as it gets. These are giant national or international companies working with fortune 1000 companies and large corporations. Unless you meet those criteria, the price tag for this level will not be feasible. They produce the highest quality of work and are worth looking at just to see the quality of their product.

Accessibility

Working with a web site designer should be like working with any other professional. You expect them to be courteous, timely, knowledgeable, and willing to listen to what you want as well as be able to tell you what you need. They should have phone, fax, and email and return your communications within a reasonable amount of time.

Quality of work

While it is impossible to convey an aesthetic sense to someone, we can share some tips about determining the professionalism of a site designer to help you avoid the worst cases.
• Do their sites load quickly or are they graphic intensive and slow loading? Excessive file size is sure to drive traffic away from your site to faster loading competitors.

• Do they use glaring or clashing color choices? Color has a direct influence on a viewer’s initial reaction and their emotional response and poor color choices can make text difficult to read or evoke the wrong emotional response.

• Do they use font sizes that are too small, too large, or use inconsistent styles?   A good designer will have a proper understanding of typeface and how to create an easy to read and professional look.

• Is it easy to navigate their site, or are there inconsistent or unclear navigational tools? Even in the largest web site, your content should never be more than 3 clicks away. The worst errors are navigational tools that do not work or are misleading.

• Are there major display errors on the site, such as broken images or misaligned graphics? Are the graphics of poor quality or badly cropped? These are all indications of sloppiness or of not paying attention to detail. Go elsewhere.

• Does the site contain spelling errors or egregious grammatical mistakes? This is a good indication that the designer cares about getting paid, not about helping their client. Go elsewhere.

Pricing

If you are smart and avoid the dreaded ‘nephew syndrome’ then you should also be prepared to pay a professional rate for your design product. As in most industries, you get what you pay for. Regardless of how easy the development tools for web sites have become, no qualified professional will design a site for you for $300. Can you get a website produced for that amount? Certainly. But if you do you will be giving you and your business a huge hurdle to overcome to become successful with your site.

Here is an apt metaphor. Say you are lucky enough to own a vintage Alfa Romeo. To maximize the value of the car it would need both body and engine work. Your neighbor across the street is a small engine repairman who fixes lawn mowers and chainsaws, and he says he will do the work for you for $500. Do you trust him with this highly valuable piece of machinery? Of course not! You take the car to a qualified shop that has a track record of detailing classic cars, has a warranty on their work, and you expect to pay top dollar because you know that it will ultimately increase the value of the car, especially if the shop you go to has a great reputation. Developing a successful website in today’s highly competitive Internet environment is exactly the same. For any small business website you should expect to pay no less that $2500. A slightly more comprehensive site or a simple ecommerce site will be in the area of $5000. Any large company or mid-sized corporate site will run from $10,000 to $50,000, and Fortune 1000 companies routinely spend 3 to 10 times that amount.

What is Web 2.0

The concept of Web 2.0 became popularized in 2004 by Tim O’Reilly, founder and CEO of O’Reilly Media, and has since become a pivotal force in transforming the Internet. It refers to no one specific technology or system, but rather embraces all trends or influences that help the creativity, interactivity, and productivity of the Internet. The most notable results of the Web 2.0 influence are such Internet giants as eBay, Craigslist and the all-pervasive Wikipedia. The most attractive aspect of the 2.0 method is that it is a constantly evolving system that embraces the contributions of all interested parties.

The essence of Web 2.0 is best described as one that seeks to employ the unique features of the Internet to improve social interactivity, thus taking advantage of the medium rather than fighting against it. By leveraging the interconnectivity and social interaction that make the Internet such a global platform, the 2.0 approach allows users to be active participants on a web site, uploading information and input as well as downloading.

At this point you are probably asking yourself, what does this have to do with your web site?  By using a web 2.0 model, your web site will be much more findable to users via search engines, provide a richer user experience, download faster, and provide more interactivity. All of these are advantages that have a direct impact on the overall conversion of visitors to leads from your web site.

Some of the most notable features of a web 2.0 site include:
• Cascading Style Sheets – aids in the separation of presentation and content.
• Folksonomies (collaborative tagging, social classification, social indexing, and social tagging)
• Microformats extending pages with additional semantics
REST and/or XML- and/or JSON-based APIs
• Rich Internet application techniques, often Ajax and/or Flex/Flash-based
• Semantically valid XHTML and HTML markup
• Syndication, aggregation and notification of data in RSS or Atom feeds
• Mashups, merging content from different sources, client- and server-side
• Weblog-publishing tools
• Wiki or forum software, etc., to support user-generated content
• Internet privacy, the extended power of users to manage their own privacy in cloaking or deleting their own user content or profiles.

While many 2.0 sites display a common aesthetic; rounded corners, subtle drop shadows and glows, and iconographic navigation tools, these are not to be confused with 2.0 itself, but rather a design trend that is currently associated with 2.0.

Intro to Web Site Design

While the Internet is a rapidly evolving environment there are still a number of constraining features that keep it from being the fluid and streaming medium of TV we are so used to. The two most influential factors are the speed of the connection (how much and how fast information can be relayed), and the manner in which the information is interpreted by the users browser (do you prefer Chrome, Firefox or Explorer?). Both of these factors play a large part in determining what web sites look like and how they function. There are a host of programming and scripting languages to deal with the complexities of making websites both display and function properly, and your site designer should have a wide range of options available depending on the needs of your website.

The most common scripting language is HTML, or Hyper Text Markup Language, but it is simply too basic to accommodate the growing multimedia demands of the Internet, and anything but a very simple no frills web site will require additional programming in order to meet your needs. Your designer should have at least a complete knowledge of HTML, and CSS and at least understand what other programming will be needed to complete the site. While not a hard and fast rule, most programmers do not make for good designers, or designers good programmers, so be sure if your site requires anything other than html and CSS that your designer is working with a qualified programmer as well.